Elizabethan Period: 1558 to 1603 Timeline of writing implements <http://www.ringpen.com/history.html>: 4000 BC - bone/bronze on clay 3000 BC - reed brushes/pens on papyrus 1300 BC - metal on wax dark ages - parchment 600-1800 AD - quill pen on parchment 1790 AD - leaded pencil 1803 AD - steel nib pen - Steel nib pen developed between 1724 and 1803. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrum_Orbis_Terrarum> Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, ("Theatre of the World") is considered to be the first true modern atlas. Written by Abraham Ortelius and originally printed on May 20, 1570, in Antwerp, it consisted of a collection of uniform map sheets and sustaining text bound to form a book for which copper printing plates were specifically engraved.