toby@pop-os:~/personal$ mount | grep sd'a|b' # nothing ls -l /dev/sd* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 Jan 22 22:33 /dev/sda brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 Jan 23 10:49 /dev/sda1 toby@pop-os:~/personal$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS sda 8:0 1 976.6G 0 disk - sda1 8:1 1 976.6G 0 part toby@pop-os:~/personal$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 976.56 GiB, 1048576000000 bytes, 2048000000 sectors Disk model: UDisk Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xfa2cb833 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 2048 2047999999 2047997952 976.6G 83 Linux Command (m for help): d Selected partition 1 Partition 1 has been deleted. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 976.56 GiB, 1048576000000 bytes, 2048000000 sectors Disk model: UDisk Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xfa2cb833 ##################### Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-2047999999, default 2048): Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-2047999999, default 2047999999): 100000 Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 47.8 MiB. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 976.56 GiB, 1048576000000 bytes, 2048000000 sectors Disk model: UDisk Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xfa2cb833 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 2048 100000 97953 47.8M 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. toby@pop-os:~/personal$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS sda 8:0 1 976.6G 0 disk - sda1 8:1 1 47.8M 0 part Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. toby@pop-os:~/personal$ mount | grep sda # nothing toby@pop-os:~/personal$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) Creating filesystem with 12244 4k blocks and 12256 inodes Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (1024 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done toby@pop-os:~/personal$ lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS sda 8:0 1 976.6G 0 disk - sda1 8:1 1 47.8M 0 part Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. toby@pop-os:~/personal$ mount | grep sda # nothing toby@pop-os:~/personal$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 # Power cycle # monolith automounted # open monolith in file browser folder is empty toby@pop-os:~$ mount | grep sda /dev/sda1 on /media/toby/1e42c655-970d-4ad8-8f6c-20b7373b332f type ext4 (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,errors=remount-ro,uhelper=udisks2) toby@pop-os:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on ... /dev/sda1 41M 24K 38M 1% /media/toby/1e42c655-970d-4ad8-8f6c-20b7373b332f toby@pop-os:~$ ls -l /dev/sd* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 Jan 23 12:16 /dev/sda brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 Jan 23 12:16 /dev/sda1 toby@pop-os:~$ cp divide_by_3.txt /media/toby/1e42c655-970d-4ad8-8f6c-20b7373b332f cp: cannot create regular file '/media/toby/1e42c655-970d-4ad8-8f6c-20b7373b332f/divide_by_3.txt': Permission denied toby@pop-os:~$ sudo cp divide_by_3.txt /media/toby/1e42c655-970d-4ad8-8f6c-20b7373b332f toby@pop-os:~$ ls -al /media/toby/1e42c655-970d-4ad8-8f6c-20b7373b332f total 28 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jan 23 12:22 . drwxr-x---+ 3 root root 4096 Jan 23 12:16 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 328 Jan 23 12:22 divide_by_3.txt drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jan 23 11:10 lost+found ### erase eaarly secors of the USB stick sudo umount /media/toby/1e42c655-970d-4ad8-8f6c-20b7373b332f sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdx bs=512 count=10000 ############################# ### oops of=sdx ??? Skip ahead to 12:39 ############################# 10000+0 records in 10000+0 records out 5120000 bytes (5.1 MB, 4.9 MiB) copied, 0.00822836 s, 622 MB/s toby@pop-os:~$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 976.56 GiB, 1048576000000 bytes, 2048000000 sectors Disk model: UDisk Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xfa2cb833 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 2048 100000 97953 47.8M 83 Linux Command (m for help): d Selected partition 1 Partition 1 has been deleted. ommand (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-2047999999, default 2048): 2048 Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-2047999999, default 2047999999): Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 976.6 GiB. Partition #1 contains a ext4 signature. Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: y The signature will be removed by a write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 976.56 GiB, 1048576000000 bytes, 2048000000 sectors Disk model: UDisk Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xfa2cb833 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 2048 2047999999 2047997952 976.6G 83 Linux Filesystem/RAID signature on partition 1 will be wiped. Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. toby@pop-os:~$ ls -l /dev/sda* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 Jan 23 12:31 /dev/sda brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 Jan 23 12:31 /dev/sda1 toby@pop-os:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 -L monolith /dev/sda1 mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) Creating filesystem with 255999744 4k blocks and 64004096 inodes Filesystem UUID: 0c3376fa-1880-48c9-a99a-80ad5c6d1443 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (262144 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 12:39 ### start over with sda rather than sdx ls -l /dev/sd* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 Jan 23 12:38 /dev/sda -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5120000 Jan 23 12:26 /dev/sdx sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=10000 lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS sda 8:0 1 0B 0 disk # no sda1 # remove USB stick sudo rm /dev/sdx ls -l /dev/sd* ls: cannot access '/dev/sd*': No such file or directory # insert USB stick ls -l /dev/sd* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 Jan 23 12:45 /dev/sda brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 Jan 23 12:45 /dev/sda1 sudo fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 976.56 GiB, 1048576000000 bytes, 2048000000 sectors Disk model: UDisk Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xfa2cb833 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 2048 2047999999 2047997952 976.6G 83 Linux Command (m for help): d Selected partition 1 Partition 1 has been deleted. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-2047999999, default 2048): 2048 Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-2047999999, default 2047999999): Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 976.6 GiB. Partition #1 contains a ext4 signature. Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: Y The signature will be removed by a write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 976.56 GiB, 1048576000000 bytes, 2048000000 sectors Disk model: UDisk Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0xfa2cb833 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 2048 2047999999 2047997952 976.6G 83 Linux Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered. Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. sudo mkfs.ext4 -L monolith /dev/sda1 mke2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021) Creating filesystem with 255999744 4k blocks and 64004096 inodes Filesystem UUID: 713170a7-8f89-4fa4-84b1-c4668fbf3637 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (262144 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done ls -l /dev/sd* brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 Jan 23 12:50 /dev/sda brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 Jan 23 12:54 /dev/sda1 lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS sda 8:0 1 976.6G 0 disk - sda1 8:1 1 976.6G 0 part ... 12:54 # remove USB stick # insert USB stick Jan 23 13:04:26 pop-os gnome-shell[1830]: Unable to mount volume monolith: Gio.IOErrorEnum: Error mounting /dev/sda1 at /media/toby/monolith: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sda1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error mount | grep sda # nothing lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS sda 8:0 1 976.6G 0 disk - sda1 8:1 1 976.6G 0 part ...